Saturday, August 10, 2024

Issuing a new currency in Iraq.. Implications and implementation challenge

Issuing a new currency in Iraq.. Implications and implementation challenge that is the title of the show

the guy on the left is an economist I believe it is Safwan Qusay


This is the video for the My FX Buddies blogpost 
this is like the very first screenshot and I was able to translate it

Issuing a new currency in


Delete the zeros of the Iraqi dinar

Frequent calls and economic impacts

Central Bank Governor: Delete draft

Zeros of the Iraqi currency remain


Here is the transcript of the entire show done by Youtube not me

ok so these are just 2 economist and the show host  but they say some pretty good stuff

Welcome, dear viewers, to a new episode of the Economy in a Week program. The talk is back
0:20
Again about the project to remove zeros from the Iraqi dinar and also issue a new currency. This
0:26
A procedure that several countries resorted to, including Turkey in 2005 and also Venezuela in
0:34
2021, but can this project be implemented, the project to remove zeros from the Iraqi currency during
0:40
Currently, countries usually resort to adding zeros to confront waves of inflation
0:46
and rising prices during periods of wars and crises, which of course lead to the erosion of the value o
f
0:51
the currency, so the deficit in government budgets is financed through the issuance of cash, but the defenders of
0:59
this idea pointed out that the large number of zeros weakened the Iraqi dinar against other currencies
1:04
As for economic experts They believe that deleting zeros requires restructuring the banking sector
1:12
First, improving the tax system, second, in addition to encouraging investments. The Finance Committee
1:20
Parliamentary indicated that the project will cost the state budget huge sums, as the size of
1:27
The printed money supply in Iraq is over 992 trillion dinars, while the one in circulation is
1:35
45 trillion dinars. So, the topic of deleting zeros and issuing a new currency, we will discuss it with our guest, but
1:44
After the next show [Music]
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Ya [Music]
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A
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To talk to our viewers about this topic, we are joined from Baghdad by the academic and expert
3:22
Economist Dr. Safwan Qusay Dr. Welcome to the Economy in a Week program on Screen
3:28
Change Welcome Doctor If the project to delete zeros today from the uncle of our viewers
3:33
Dear ones, welcome Doctor The project to delete zeros from the Iraqi Umrah is it still
3:39
Existing, I mean every period we hear about this topic but we do not see anything on the ground

3:46
The reality of course from the theoretical point of view the project is still existing The truth is Iraq
3:51
Suffered after 1991 as a result of the economic blockade to
3:57
Weakness in the value of the Iraqi dinar and the previous governments resorting to the subject of printing
4:05
Money after 2003 This currency was changed
4:10
To a new currency and the old currency was withdrawn and this currency in circulation was issued currently
4:16
The subject is linked to several circumstances for sure, meaning the process of replacing the currency
4:23
And deleting the travels requires an environment to make such a decision The Central Bank and the government currently
4:32
It invests In attracting the monetary mass that you referred to, the 92 trillion or more, to
4:41
within the banking system, meaning the process of tracking the value of the Iraqi dinar requires knowing who
4:49
owns this Iraqi dinar, and therefore perhaps Dr. Talj today the Iraqi government will resort to

4:55
The Central Bank's path to automating transactions and moving towards Ronnie cards and so on
5:02
That is yes, it is the subject of financial inclusion, one of the government's tools in the subject of moving the monetary mass
5:11
Towards the banking system so that we know where this printed Iraqi dinar is, who owns it
5:17
This real dinar, interest rate policy and the possibility of
5:23
Moving interest rates, I noticed that the Central Bank raised interest rates to

5:30
Bal on fixed deposits, which contributed to withdrawing part of this monetary mass into
5:36
The banking system, so when we want to implement this procedure, we need to cancel the money
5:45
Paper money and convert it into money within the banking system within credit cards, and then we can
5:52
Think about this subject, but in the current period, any reference to this subject
6:00
It means that the Iraqis who own this free cash dinar are doing By replacing it
6:07
with other assets, this issue leads to weakening confidence in the value of the dinar, which is traded
6:15
on the boycott, meaning this issue, the issue of deleting zeros, is positively reflected in the issue of withdrawing
6:23
liquidity from people and the market, and thus going to Iraqi banks, the
6:29
Central Bank of Iraq specifically, until it is replaced, so people today are forced to replace
6:35
their old money with new money, and they are forced to go to the bank, thus replacing this
6:41
money or depositing it, perhaps at this time, means the withdrawal process
6:49
and and means getting rid of this printed money
6:54
needs a system, meaning it does not resemble suspicion, suspicion of the mass of money
7:00
in circulation, and tearing it up or destroying it and then replacing it with new currency requires that
7:09
we be careful about where this money came from Iraqi section of those who hold the dinar
7:17
The Iraqi is trying to launder money, meaning where did this Iraqi dinar come from, from this person
7:24
The problem is that there is a monetary mass outside the banking system, which may be drug trafficking, illegal trade
7:31
So when we say replacement at this time, it means allowing them to carry the dinar
7:38
illegal to enter circulation through replacement, so we need to track the movement
7:46
The Iraqi dinar also does not mean raising the prices
7:51
of goods because whoever owns a free dinar is certainly with
7:57
these events and with this news, he may resort to buying assets with this dinar, which leads to
8:05
an increase in the value of assets, so I think that the timing is not appropriate. The appropriate thing is to plan to add value
8:14
For this dinar, the dinar is well-printed, meaning it is not subject to
8:20
counterfeiting. The Central Bank is keen to replace damaged currency, but the tools of the Central Bank Banks
8:30
Iraq needs to be developed so that we encourage the dinar holders to enter the banking system
8:37
and re-inject this money into income-generating projects. Of course, we also need to spread the culture of
8:46
point of sale and credit cards and expand the subject of cash transactions from
8:54
Yes, track the movement of the dinar currently. The hard currency has been controlled, but the dinar
9:01
cash that is in circulation. We do not know who is the owner of the final dinar. The serial number available to
9:09
The Iraqi dinar when it enters the banking system, we know who is the person who withdrew this

9:16
paper currency and where he spent it so that we do not have a market for money laundering. Does the Iraqi government have
9:24
Today, Dr. Safwan, a specific and specific number for the monetary mass present in
9:30
Iraq from the local currency or does it not have this
9:36
The information means the truth of the monetary mass It rose from 45 trillion to 82 trillion
9:44
And you mentioned 92 or more, meaning in my estimation it is around 100 trillion, the level is supposed to
9:52
Transparency at the Central Bank is to announce the printed currency, of course, if we assume that it is 100
9:59
Trillion, the 100 trillion needs a dollar cover of no less than 65 billion dollars, which is
10:07
What the Central Bank has in addition to the gold reserve in addition to covering the debts
10:15
Internal and external debts, the cash issued by the bank was released
10:22
The Central Bank, yes, it was issued, but its recapitalization from
10:28
During internal borrowing, it leads to an increase in the liabilities on the Iraqi dinar, meaning the bank
10:35
The Central Bank does not only cover the value of the issuance, but it also covers the liabilities on the dinar
10:41
The current government is indebted to the banks Civil and also to
10:50
Pardon the government banks and internal debts of about 45 trillion as well as external debts
10:57
So when we say that the Central Bank has reserves of 113 billion dollars, it is enough to cover
11:05
The value of the issuances and internal and external debts, okay, great, so no problem today
11:10
So if the government wanted to take such steps today, I mean from the beginning of our conversation, Doctor
11:16
On this topic, we are talking about the negative side, the negatives that this carries or carries
11:22
The project, what about its positives with regard to the Iraqi economic situation if we want to delete today
11:30
Zeros, similar to many countries that faced economic crises, and there is a country that is not
11:35
Far from Iraq, which is Turkey, as you know, yes, the truth is the topic, meaning the positives
11:44
Certainly, from the accounting point of view, currently the numbers are, I mean, S12 I mean records
11:51
Accounting is not enough for numbers, big numbers, in facilitating the task of numbers, big numbers, for sure
11:59
It also needs to be narrowed down, the subject means the return of Iraqis to their memory in the seventies
12:06
and the eighties when one dinar was equal to 3.3 dollars, as is the Kuwaiti dinar, the riyal
12:15
Saudi, this means restoring confidence in the prestige of the dinar, so the subject has a positive side
12:23
But is the printed money mass issued by the Central Bank really inside Iraq
12:30
Is it with people who have the legitimacy to obtain this dinar, so I think we have to think
12:38
Balley, who is the holder of this dinar? Financial inclusion achieves this subject when it is

12:45
The dinar printed within the banking system, we are assured that the holder of this dinar is legitimate because
12:51
There are certainly those who bet even from neighboring countries on the Iraqi dinar, but outside the system
13:00
The banker when we say, "Ah, Dr. Safwan"
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I mean, an Iraqi citizen who owns a local currency, an Iraqi dinar, how can he come or obtain
13:14
This Iraqi dinar, if it is not included in the data of the Central Bank of Iraq and the serial number, as I mentioned, is it counterfeit? I mean, is it
13:23
Printed outside the Iraqi government system
13:30
No, the truth is, there are no fears of such a thing, despite the counterfeiters' attempt to counterfeit
13:37
The value of the dinar or the printing of the dinar, but the Central Bank is keen to withdraw any counterfeit currency, but
13:44
When we say, for example, that there are exports from sanctioned countries to Iraqi territory in exchange for a dinar
13:52
Iraqi, is this dinar The Iraqi dinar that these countries have has been converted into foreign currencies or
14:00
is hoarded by some merchants from these countries. When we say replacement, it means that we have started
14:07
the process of financing these countries with a new currency. We need to make sure that the printed monetary mass
14:16
in the latest European printing presses is under control within the scope of
14:23
the Iraqi. There are some Iraqis who are fronts for companies or countries that are sanctioned. The problem is not
14:30
with the nationality of the holder of the dinar. The problem is where he got this dinar from. In order to be reassured that this
14:37
dinar is legitimate, we have to establish the issue of financial inclusion so that we can move later
14:46
to adding the value gradually and not directly. I mean, I tend not to delete the zero
14:54
or two zeros or three zeros, but rather to gradually enhance the value of the Iraqi dinar, meaning that the
15:01
central bank when it rises Dollar reserves by purchasing the Iraqi dinar, of course, from
15:07
During the increase in bank reserves or by replacing it with new financial instruments, thus reducing
15:15
the money supply and gradually the Iraqi dinar can recover, meaning there was
15:23
a plan promoted within the corridors of the Central Bank that the Ministry of Finance, if it could not fulfill
15:31
its internal debts, which are around 45 trillion, by transferring real estate ownership
15:38
to the Central Bank reserves or using the surplus of the Ministry of Finance to settle debts
15:45
the Interior, to raise the value of the dinar so that 1 dollar is equal to 1000 dinars and gradually
15:52
We can do this task without changing without changing the paper
15:59
Currency in circulation, yes, and I mean, does that affect the value of the currency, Dr. Safwan or
16:05
the amount originally existing When people delete a zero or two zeros or even three zeros, it means
16:12
The 000 dinar note is replaced if we delete three zeros it is replaced with a
16:20
Dinar note. Will the value of this amount be affected for people or not? The value of the value remains
16:26
The purchasing power is the same. No, the truth is definitely the purchasing power
16:33
For assets, it does not decrease by the same value as the dinar. That is, someone who owns, for example, a million dinars, it is replaced by
16:39
1000 dinars. The value of assets valued at a million will not
16:45
decrease by the same percentage. That is, for example, a property worth 500 million
16:52
A dinar is not sold. The owner of the property cannot sell the property for 500,000 dinars
16:59
So now, the decrease is sharp on the banknote and gradually on the rest of the goods until the subject
17:08
Profit is the subject of the difference between the selling price The costs cannot be reduced by the seller, for example, from
17:18
a million dinars or 500,000 dinars per day to 500 dinars, he cannot absorb this, so
17:25
usually does not decrease at the same rate as it decreases the value of the paper currency, yes, okay, if
17:31
Iraq wanted, meaning one day it decided to delete zeros from the Iraqi currency, Doctor
17:39
Based on what is determined how many zeros should be deleted from
17:46
the currency, meaning currently the Iraqi currency is linked to the US dollar, meaning the price
17:54
the fixed 1320 dinars is equal to 1 dollar, so if
18:00
a decision was not made to link the value of the Iraqi currency to the
18:06
US dollar, meaning and bye-bye, there may be reserves
18:12
to cover this decision by deleting the difference between the two prices
18:18
and compensating for it, meaning, for example, the Kingdom Jordanian The Jordanian currency is now pegged to the pound pound
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The sterling is currently pegged at a fixed price level of 1320, so we must determine whether we are
18:33
doing an open market operation for the value of the dinar or a closed market and linking it in a unified manner with its currency
18:41
Specific Iraq does not have sources to support the value of the dinar so far other than oil revenues
18:48
We need economic diversification. We need to increase the transparency of the dinar holders in order to
18:56
we can remove the zeros and determine the fair value of the Iraqi dinar if, for example, the dinar
19:04
Iraqi is covered by oil, meaning one dinar, for example
19:09
is equivalent to one barrel or half a barrel. It is possible to link the currency to something specific, so it is determined from
19:18
during this thing with gold, with oil, of course, with revenues other than
19:24
oil, there will be a fair value for this dinar, and we can thus decide how much

Ratio

19:32
The reduction that we can resort to by deleting zeros, yes, based on data and reality

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The Iraqi economy, Dr. Safwan, and as you mentioned, the Iraqi economy is based on sales

19:44
Oil, in light of this data, will Iraq succeed if it wants to delete some zeros today from

19:50
its local currency? You mentioned that there are proactive steps for any country that wants to delete

19:58
its zeros should be the first of them today, economic diversification, revenues from various sectors today

20:05
In light of this data in the Iraqi economy, even if we remain on the rentier economy, will it succeed

20:10
This idea, if it is not implemented, or will it actually

20:16
fail, meaning that the Central Bank is supposed to have a strategy in determining the value

20:21
fair for the Iraqi dinar, and where do we go with this value? Are we, for example, with integration with Turkey

20:30
with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan with the Gulf dinar In terms of the environment surrounding Iraq

20:38
I think that if there is a thought to have a qualified trade volume because
20:48
we link the Iraqi currency to stable economies, such as the US dollar as the yen
20:55
the Japanese as the sterling pound or even the Chinese yuan through the Gulf currency, the currency
21:02
The unified Gulf needs a harmonious economic infrastructure
21:09
integrated that produces a kind of monetary integration
21:15
means that we do not think about adding value, but rather link this value to the economies of a system, of course this
21:23
the subject requires developing the tools of economic integration between these countries so that the value
21:30
of the currency corresponds to the value of the production of these countries and also imports
21:37
and thus we create a state of additional confidence in the Iraqi dinar, the Iraqi dinar in
21:43
the fifties was linked to the sterling pound The original point of the matter is to return to the pound
21:50
sterling and if there is another vision from the Central Bank to link the Iraqi currency
21:57
for example with the Gulf countries, we must start now to determine economic paths for integration so that
22:05
we have a specific time. I believe that the Gulf countries have postponed this matter more than
22:11
times 20 30 20 40 to have an Arab currency
22:17
unified or a unified Gulf currency, we defend the economies of these countries and support confidence
22:23
By keeping this currency, I want to thank you very much, Dr. Safwan Qusay, and you are the academic
22:29
and economic expert for all these clarifications. You were with us from
22:34
[Music]
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Baghdad in our second file, dear viewers, the problem of fluctuating exchange rates and the collapse of the value
22:49
of the Iraqi dinar against the dollar The most prominent challenges facing the Iraqi economy
22:55
The reasons are different and the result is one, which is the purchasing power of low-income people and the stagnation of the markets
23:02
And negative effects, of course, on the Iraqi economy. After relative stability during the week and the weeks
23:09
past, the rise in the exchange rate has returned to the forefront again, and the Central Bank confirmed that
23:16
This rise is temporary because Iraq has a reserve of hard currency that enables it to achieve
23:24
balance. We will discuss more about this topic later
23:30
The report has become the stability of the dollar exchange rate against the dinar, the greatest wish of Iraqis for about
23:37
three years, due to the consequences and successive crises caused by the large price jumps that cast
23:45
their shadows on the markets in general and low-income people in particular, despite the measures
23:51
of the Central Bank to preserve the value of the Iraqi dinar and prevent the monopoly of hard currency from Before
23:57
Traders and speculators, but the crisis did not end, as the cause and instability did not subside
24:04
Its pace for a short period until it rises again, causing confusion for citizens and paralysis and stagnation in the markets
24:12
Between the electronic window and travelers obtaining dollars exclusively from airports
24:18
And forcing traders to deal in Iraqi dinars in their local transactions, the gap
24:24
between the official price set by the Central Bank and the parallel market price is still large in light of
24:30
The continued violations leading to the leakage of the currency to countries sanctioned by the Governor of the Central Bank, and during
24:37
His hosting by the Parliamentary Finance Committee, he indicated that what Iraq has of reserves
24:43
of hard currency is sufficient to achieve market balance, but he attributed the widening gap between the official price
24:49
and the parallel to illegal trade and its effects By withdrawing large amounts of currency in illegal ways
24:56
While a meeting with the American side was revealed in New York at the end of the month
25:01
current to discuss the file of the sanctioned banks and the aspects related to the external transfer process
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Many factors control exchange rates, such as the increased demand for the dollar to finance imports
25:14
And the economic and political crises that burden citizens and require taking measures
25:21
And solutions that ensure the stability of exchange rates in the long term
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For more, our viewers, on this topic, Dr. Ahmed Hal, Professor of Economics, joins us at
25:36
Al-Mustansiriya University, Dr. Welcome to the Economics in a Week program on the screen
25:45
Change, if Dr. We are talking about hosting the governor
25:50
The Central Bank in the Iraqi Council of Representatives. In your opinion, did the Central Bank of Iraq fail today
25:57
in managing the issue of the dollar exchange rate and also the sanctions on some banks Iraqi
26:07
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Greetings to you, my dear brother, and to the viewers of Al-Taghyeer Channel
26:16
Your Excellency, welcome. The beginning of the exchange rate crisis is a succession and not a spur of the moment, but
26:26
It worsened after 2023 due to the implementation of the
26:31
US Federal Reserve platform and forcing the Central Bank to use this platform for transfers
26:39
Foreign Affairs. Many economic circles and many officials
26:45
Governmental, whether in the Ministry of Finance or the Central Bank or financial institutions
26:50
and economic specialists in the exchange rate issue believe that the platform will lead to pressure on
26:58
foreign transfers, but unfortunately during the year 2023 and 2024 after the growth
27:07
large with electronic payment cards and forcing society to use the payment card
27:14
electronic and forcing merchants And companies to use electronic payment in dinars
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Iraqi and internal transactions also in Iraqi dinars and it did not work with these
27:24
methods but rather exacerbated the exchange rate crisis because many transfers through
27:31
these cards and electronic wallets as well as transfers launched by banks including
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called direct transfer that occurs between the clearing house between internal banks some banks
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internal and external banks did not work for example the closest example to the issue of inflation
27:53
sales at the central bank and this is something the prime minister himself mentioned that it means in the past
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Before the position is available the prime minister said that
28:06
more than approximately 30% is correct that it means the transfer from these
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The 100% ratio is that 30% of the external transfer is correct and the rest is smuggling, meaning it is
28:18
the same and what he mentioned, but in fact he and many officials in the economic field
28:24
did not understand the real problem of the exchange rate. The real problem of the exchange rate has multiple dimensions, meaning
28:31
Today I do not want to exonerate the Central Bank and say that it is not the responsibility on
28:37
its shoulders nor Law No. 56 of 2004. The main goal of the Central Bank is to maintain
28:44
monetary stability. This is the first goal of the Central Bank, and after that the intermediate goals
28:50
and the final ones fall, but I remind you that there are multiple dimensions to the issue of the exchange rate and not one dimension
28:58
represented by monetary policy, but rather or let me remind you so that we do not leave this point this week
29:04
The interest Sunday the Central Bank sold $281 billion a thousand
29:12
281 million yes a dollar a million dollars and
29:18
The bank or two banks that own
29:23
95% of the platform through external transfers are only two banks 95% what are these two banks
29:33
The reasons what is the work of the rest of the banks what is their work what is their work is it that they work discounting transfers
29:38
The treasury and that means buying transfers from the Ministry of Finance as well
29:44
Loans are an initiative of the Central Bank and so on and this is a fact that does not develop the banking system and is reflected
29:49
On the real sector today, Monday, the Central Bank sold $279 million also one bank is the governor
29:58
Dominating this issue Tuesday $283 million and this is the largest largest sales for the bank
30:07
The Central Bank during this period, meaning during the current government, meaning it is assumed that the Prime Minister gave A clear plan and vision in the curriculum
30:16
The government, but it really did not control and was shocked by some things on Tuesday 283 million and on
30:25
Wednesday 274 and also on Thursday 69 total sales during the past week
30:32
One billion and 386 This means this amount is real if compared
30:41
With the invoices that came out of the platform and the goods corresponding to these invoices
30:50
We will find a huge difference between what entered Iraq of goods and services, meaning goods and services
30:58
It could be in kind and it could not be possible to be material and immaterial goods and services that
31:03
We mean by it games, but there must be a percentage and proportion, meaning always when they were talking about
31:11
This point, Doctor, is the role of the Customs Department in this matter, the Tax Department is also in this
31:19
The subject is if there is any import license given to any merchant or any bank
31:24
Imports a certain commodity from outside Iraq and you know that Iraq is based on imports by more than
31:30
90%, so here perhaps lies the biggest problem, so it must come with invoices or
31:38
official papers proving the value of these goods with what was taken from
31:46
dollars, our dear professor, let me explain to you, excuse me, that these sales
31:53
95% are not the real target, which is the merchant, meaning there are things that fall within the platform that we do not
32:00
know about the citizen, the Prime Minister himself does not know about them, he may know about them himself, the Prime Minister
32:06
Council of Ministers because there are technical things related to banking aspects and these
32:13
have orders and specialized technical issues
32:18
minutes so that it is easy to transfer large quantities of dollars and store these quantities in
32:27
a group of countries that control this dollar and Then this person or this bank or
32:34
this company sells this dollar through a black market clearing. Notice, the target
32:42
is the real one who sells the dollar, not benefiting from this dollar, but
32:48
benefiting from it from the black market. Yes, in this case, in this case, Doctor, when
32:55
when these parties obtain these large amounts in dollars and transfer them outside
33:00
Iraq by any means, meaning to transfer
33:05
legal or even illegal, unless it is disclosed to the Iraqi government or to the US Federal Reserve to know that this party
33:13
that transferred the dollar, then these banks were subject to
33:21
sanctions, no, no, they are them, they transfer legally. I will ask you how, how is it stored
33:29
invoices are a small group of traders, we call them the unorganized trade, trade
33:36
active inside This country needs dollars to finance imports, which means real trade
33:44
As for these traders, there are companies registered with the Ministry of Commerce that collect shipping bills
33:52
Large, meaning that if this trader applies to a bank or a bank that is not financing his internal trade, no
34:00
He gives dollars for the purpose of financing his internal trade, and this means that these traders constitute 70% of
34:09
Domestic trade, note that 70% of domestic trade constitutes
34:16
These people put pressure on the domestic market. Look, we are coming to convert 95 to 97% of this externally
34:26
Externally, yes, and this same amount did not match with customs due to the lack of a tag between the bank
34:33
The Central Bank and Customs are organizations. We said a long time ago that the problem is not related only to the Central Bank. There must
34:42
There must be financing and exemption for trade Interior for business owners
34:49
Small traders for a period of five years from the tax first, I until the exchange rate stabilizes from
34:58
The tax first, and until we reach the real target and what the bank needs only is
35:03
The one who controls this issue, we exempt from taxes for a period of five years and we exempt from fees for a period of five
35:12
years and we issue him a merchant card that enables him to easily import what he needs through his card
35:20
Electronic payment via the Internet and we impose on this merchant a shipping policy from customs that matches what is transferred to him
35:30
of the dollar and this merchant that I am talking about represents a large segment of small traders
35:38
And it represents great pressure on the exchange rate in this way, we can reduce the exchange rate level
35:44
And it could reach the forties, meaning it could reach 40, and this is an acceptable condition as long as Banks
35:52
The current one or two banks as well as a group of companies
35:58
The I and B companies only control and monopolize the foreign exchange and give
36:05
great privileges for the foreign exchange. The exchange rate will rise later. In addition, whenever
36:13
government spending increases, the size of the budget increases, and oil prices rise, this will lead to a
36:22
very large increase in the exchange rate because we said at the beginning of the episode that the problem is the exchange rate.
36:30
It is only related to the Central Bank. It is related to the industrial sector, which is destroyed for us. Almost 70%
36:38
of Iraqi factories are destroyed. This pressure on government spending goes to imports, and whoever goes
36:44
to imports, we will put pressure on the domestic market that requested the dollar so that we can cover trade
36:51
The domestic market is only large traders and large companies with large capitals. They are first
36:58
They themselves also evade taxes because of the deception between them and the tax officials, meaning
37:05
There is A very large percentage of tax evasion and also taking out dollars or sending dollars to
37:15
abroad in exchange for goods and services that are not real, meaning there are goods and services that are not worth what came out of
37:22
the dollar and therefore there are figures controlling the issue of the currency or the platform, is this a fault
37:30
The government, Doctor, is this the fault of the government, meaning when you said a little while ago that there is a bank or a party
37:35
or two parties that we call it that control most of the sales of the currency auction in the bank today
37:42
The central bank, is this the fault of the government or the fault of the central bank or is the central bank selling
37:48
The countries of the dollar to which party today
37:54
Buying it from the legal aspect, the central bank tells you that I am what I receive a request from
37:59
The dollar is food until I reduce the gap between the official price and the price
38:05
the parallel, but this has become a national security problem And a social problem, I mean, and an economic problem
38:12
And a political problem that greatly affects the country. Who are we? The Central Bank is the only one who finances and feeds
38:19
The existing demand is one of the mistakes. Really, how can we finance
38:28
These imports, most of which are non-domestic imports
38:56
With a policy that imposes a tax on them that is less than the tax imposed on the same goods from the ports
39:04
Border from the south or from the air border ports. Okay, so in addition to
39:11
That, excuse me, regarding your question, in addition to the government, because this is considered one of
39:18
economic crimes. I mean, who is now prosecuting the government for its mistakes? I just want to know
39:24
I mean, who is prosecuting me because this 20% difference is a very big difference that is coming to bear On
39:31
The citizen means that among the goods, food goods are also high in price if you notice the reports of the Ministry
39:37
Planning, there are goods that constitute the food basket, the big thing
39:44
For the Iraqi citizen, their prices are also high, real estate prices are also very high
39:49
Inflation has increased, yes, inflation in general, so the problem does not lie in a shortage today, Doctor
39:57
The dollar in the Iraqi market, the Central Bank pumps dollars into the central market, but there are some
40:03
Procedures taken by the weak-willed or some merchants or some whales, call them what you want
40:09
Exploit the dollar and the price difference and go in the end to the black market if
40:17
We wanted today as a government
40:29
I mean, in fact, we said at the beginning that the methods are to reduce and raise the exchange rate and impose on
40:37
the citizen to deal in the dinar and impose on the citizen to take the card Electronic
40:43
I mean, these are issues, unfortunately, media issues that we can use as media
40:50
To cover up a very difficult problem, I mean, these are the tools that can be saved from using
40:58
The dollar based on the use of the dollar in the country, the problem is bigger than this can solve
41:04
These tools are sterile tools and have become a thing of the past, the government cannot solve the issue of the exchange rate
41:11
The exchange rate is this simple, if it wants two solutions, there are on the short-term and on
41:18
The long-term, first, the banks and the A&B companies are happy, of course, on these profits that
41:24
I mean, I don't see a specific bank increasing its profits or its assets, the assets increasing
41:31
From 500 billion to 5 trillion in five or six years, what is this business?
41:38
Shamad, depending on the auction of Uncle Doctor Of course yes, the dollar is the dollar and bonds
41:46
The Treasury, the interest on Treasury bonds and the Central Bank initiative loans, these are the three things that
41:52
The banks are supposed to do, and they are supposed to do a very large development work, finance projects
41:58
The industrial and agricultural projects are supposed to be exclusively financed by these banks, by working in the real sector
42:05
What made me leave 81 banks operating in the country, and these 81 banks benefit either from the auction
42:12
Currency or through the Central Bank's population initiative and through auctions and Treasury transfers
42:21
The American, even if it stopped and it has been working for very long years, meaning huge capital
42:29
The banks' money is one of the reasons for it, the government decisions that support these banks support them
42:36
To a large extent, but the banks did not produce a real economy, and this is the goal of
42:42
The bank and development in Iraq Back to the Ma'rouf issue, yes yes I said two solutions, two solutions
42:51
One on the short-term level, limit the 70% of foreign trade with trade facilities
42:59
The internal, excuse me, which concerns the owners or small traders, these coordinate with the Baghdad Chamber of Commerce
43:08
As I said, tax exemption, a merchant card, an import card, and so on
43:15
Details yes because in any case, first they bring in imports through tax evasion, they
43:22
are tax evaders, and second they come to pressure the market, they buy dollars, so they keep buying dollars
43:28
So that they can finance their foreign trade, this is on the short-term level, I give them credit facilities
43:34
Unlimited and I demand them
43:56
With a large-scale policy, meaning I make myself a branch of the bank branches, for example, TBI, a recognized bank
44:03
with it and it has a large correspondence It's easier for these
44:09
traders and then the other second solution which is in the short term
44:09
Traders and then the other second solution which is in the short term
44:15
I will create a sub-department within the General Authority of Customs and within the land border crossings
44:23
and the air and all the crossings and the northern ones in particular because there are companies that are coming to register in the north and have not paid
44:31
taxes to and are practicing their work in Baghdad and have not paid the tax to Baghdad, they pay it to the north
44:37
Consequently, the north and the region will not give the taxpayer as stipulated by the law
44:44
the budget, but the government will continue to finance the public expenditures in the region, this is on
44:49
the short-term level on the long-term level, impose on these banks that if you want, 44:55
banks, whether private, investment, industrial or agricultural, I will give you credit facilities
45:02
Very large if you finance me, for example, a factory for consumer goods that is coming It consumes it
45:10
And I made it self-sufficient in the industrial sector with these goods, meaning that I direct every bank to a specific industry
45:18
What will this do? This will limit imports because there is a commodity for a commodity
45:24
Foreign and with credit facilities, so it will reduce the level of total demand and thus the demand for
45:31
imports and then the demand for the dollar and then the demand for reserves at the
45:37
Central Bank, which is the prestige of the Iraqi economy, the truth is that international reserves if they decrease
45:43
Today the Prime Minister may be very lucky, but his results are really negative and we are here to monitor
45:51
the data and we are here to monitor the indicators and give him that we tell him these indicators are negative despite
45:56
the large economic and political presence that it enjoys, it was not able, unfortunately
46:03
to achieve very big results, for example, on the exchange rate level and the financial level Economics
46:10
Excuse me, my time is up, Dr. Ahmed Hall, you are a professor of economics at Al-Mustansiriya University. I want to thank you very much for your presence and for
46:16
these clarifications and information. Thanks also to you, our dear viewers, for following the episode
46:22
another next week, God bless you
n
46:31
[Music]

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