The dollar dropped around 3,000 dinars compared with last week, when it reached approximately 155,000 dinars per $100, continuing a three-day decline. The official Central Bank of Iraq rate remains at 130,000 dinars per $100.
Traders and currency experts attributed the strengthening to the appointment of Ali al-Zaidi as prime minister-designate and U.S. President Donald Trump’s public support for the move, alongside circulating reports of incoming dollar shipments that helped ease market concerns.
The volatility began on April 22, when Reuters reported, citing Iraqi sources, that the United States had halted a cash shipment worth around $500 million bound for Iraq and suspended parts of its security cooperation with Baghdad. Iraq’s oil revenues are deposited in accounts at the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, a system established after 2003, with dollar transfers to the Central Bank subject to U.S. oversight and compliance procedures.
Trump congratulated Zaidi in a phone call Thursday and extended a formal invitation to visit Washington after the government is formed.
Following the arrival of a new shipment of dollars, an economic expert predicts an improvement in the value of the dinar.
Economic expert Nabil al-Marsoumi confirmed on Saturday the arrival of a new shipment of US dollars in Baghdad, as part of US support related to the upcoming phase and the formation of the new government.
Al-Marsoumi stated in a Facebook post, "Iraq receives approximately one billion dollars monthly, distributed in two cash installments," noting that "the shipment that arrived yesterday is part of this ongoing financial support."
He added, "The arrival of this dollar liquidity will contribute to improving the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar next week."
Injecting dollars into the markets strengthens monetary stability and reduces fluctuations in the exchange rate against the Iraqi dinar, especially given the recent surge in demand for foreign currency.
The United States has been transferring funds to Baghdad in amounts ranging from $400 million to $500 million at a time for many years, and these payments are linked to Iraqi oil sales.
The United States had suspended dollar shipments to Iraq last April, in what it described as a "temporary" measure.
US President Donald Trump announced yesterday, Friday, that he strongly supports Prime Minister-designate Ali al-Zaidi, and that al-Zaidi won with US assistance.
An economic expert told Nina: The return of cash dollar shipments will weaken the parallel market.
Economic expert Dirgham Muhammad Ali affirmed that the resumption of cash dollar shipments will weaken the parallel market.
In a statement to the Iraqi National News Agency ( NINA ), Muhammad Ali said, "The availability of cash dollars will weaken the parallel market, especially given its release to pilgrims and travelers to countries permitted to receive cash dollars." He explained that "the reassuring policy adopted by the Central Bank maintained market stability during the period of disruption."
He pointed out that "the decline in Iraq's foreign trade with several countries for various reasons has reduced the direct demand for dollars, and the implementation of the ASYCUDA system has curbed currency smuggling, creating a surplus at the Central Bank to fully finance and cover legitimate official imports at the official rate, while ensuring that dollars are not smuggled illegally."
The economic expert called for "adopting the ETHMS global accounting system for monitoring government expenditures and revenues and clearing accounts to increase the efficiency of the financial system in Iraq."
Iraq received a new shipment of dollars yesterday, Friday, as part of US support related to the upcoming phase and the formation of the government.
The United States transfers funds With sums ranging from $400 million to $500 million each time, the US has been sending payments to Baghdad for many years, tied to Iraqi oil sales.
The United States suspended these dollar shipments to Iraq last April, in what it described as a "temporary" measure.
US President Donald Trump announced yesterday, Friday, that he strongly supports Prime Minister-designate Ali al-Zaidi, and that al-Zaidi won with US assistance.
Economist: Federal Reserve transfers boost central bank reserves and support exchange rate stability
Nouri told Al-Furat News Agency that "the arrival of a batch of Iraqi funds from the US Federal Reserve enhances the cash liquidity of the Ministry of Finance, as the ministry sells dollars to the Central Bank of Iraq."
He added that “the Central Bank’s receipt of quantities of dollars strengthens its foreign reserves, which increases its ability to provide dollars for travel purposes, especially for pilgrims, medical treatment and studying abroad, in addition to meeting the needs of traders through external transfers,” indicating that “this contributes to reducing the demand for dollars in the parallel market, which may lead to a decrease in the exchange rate.”
He noted that "the aforementioned exchange operations depend on the size of the amounts transferred from the US Federal Reserve."
Saleh's appearance: The stability of the parallel market is linked to the management of monetary policy and the availability of dollars.
Saleh explained to Al-Furat News Agency that "the stability of the parallel market is affected by a number of direct and indirect factors, foremost among them the management of monetary policy and the efficiency of the supply and demand channels for foreign currency."
He explained that "the direct monetary factor is represented by providing cash dollars through official channels, which contributes to easing the pressure on the parallel market, reducing the supply gap and limiting speculation, while providing a stability signal that reduces the impact of rumors."
He noted that "the continued cooperation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in facilitating cash dollar flows is an important factor that enhances market confidence and limits price volatility."
He added that "the indirect factor is related to the stability of the general price level, as modern distribution channels, including cooperative hypermarkets, have contributed to supporting the stability of basic commodities and reducing the impact of imported inflation."
He added that "financing foreign trade at the official rate of (1320 dinars/dollar) has absorbed more than 90% of the real demand for dollars and reduced pressure on the parallel market."
Saleh concluded his analysis by emphasizing that "market stability requires an integrated package that includes liquidity management, controlling official demand, enhancing confidence in monetary institutions, and developing the commercial infrastructure, while continuing to supply cash dollars according to the plans of the Central Bank and the Federal Reserve to meet the needs of the local market."
"To protect citizens," the Kurdistan Region's Ministry of Interior bans trading in Forex and cryptocurrencies and threatens violators.
The Ministry of Interior of the Kurdistan Region confirmed on Sunday the ban on trading in Forex and other digital currencies, based on the directives of the Central Bank of Iraq and the Ministry of Finance and Economy in the region, warning citizens against dealing with them.
A statement issued by the ministry said, “Due to the lack of a legal framework protecting the rights and interests of citizens, and because all companies operating in the field of electronic currencies, such as (USDT) and foreign exchange trading (Forex), are not officially licensed in the Kurdistan Region and the Federal Republic of Iraq.”
She stressed that "the applicable laws and regulations prohibit conducting any transactions in these areas," noting that "any entity operating in this field under the name of any company will be shut down and prosecuted."
The statement urged citizens to avoid such transactions to protect their property, and called on anyone with rights against those who previously engaged in such practices to work to recover them.
Faihan: The oil and gas law and the Popular Mobilization Forces law are among the priorities of the House of Representatives.
The First Deputy Speaker of Parliament, Adnan Faihan Al-Dulaimi, confirmed on Sunday that many important laws are on the parliament's table, while indicating that the oil and gas law and the Popular Mobilization Forces law are among the priorities of the House of Representatives' work.
Faihan told the Iraqi News Agency (INA): “After the parliamentary committees within the House of Representatives completed their work, they began studying the laws and submitting them to the Speaker of the House of Representatives,” adding that “the committees started with a package of laws that were presented for the first reading, and we have another package of laws that will be presented gradually on the agenda according to their importance.”
He continued, "There are several important laws that will be among the priorities of the political forces and the federal government to include on the council's agenda," adding that "the oil and gas law and the Popular Mobilization Forces law will be among the priorities of the House of Representatives."
US banking on Iraqi turnaround with nomination of Zaidi as new PM
Trump signals hope for a "tremendous new chapter” in US-Iraq ties with the nomination of Ali Al-Zaidi as prime minister.
US President Donald Trump spoke by phone on April 30 with Iraqi businessman Ali al-Zaidi, congratulating him on his nomination as Iraq’s next prime minister and saying in a Truth Social post that he looked forward to the “beginning of a tremendous new chapter” in US-Iraq relations. In a post on X the following day, May 1, Zaidi added that Trump had invited him to the White House once a new government is formed.
Zaidi is the nominee of the Coordination Framework, the powerful alliance of Iraqi Shiite political parties that controls about 185 of the 329 seats in parliament. Iraqi President Nizar Amedi, a Kurd, asked Zaidi to form a government on Monday. Under Iraq’s power-sharing system, the presidency is held by a Kurd, the prime ministership by a Shiite, and the speakership by a Sunni (Haibet Al-Halbousi). Zaidi has 30 days to form a government, which requires a two-thirds vote in parliament. Check out the reports here by Adam Lucente on the Iraqi electoral process, and further background on Zaidi.
On May 1, Trump doubled down on his expectations for the new prime minister, telling reporters, “With our help, he won, and we want him to do very well. And I told him that the United States is with him all the way. It was a great victory, the new head of Iraq is somebody that we support, very strongly."
While the government formation process can be tricky, there now appears to be a consensus in both Baghdad and Washington that Zaidi has the inside track. Expect things to move fast.
Before speaking with Trump, Zaidi spoke with Tom Barrack, US ambassador to Turkey and special envoy to Syria. Barrack’s patient and skilled diplomacy, coordinating closely with Faiq Zaidan, the president of Iraq’s Supreme Judicial Council, and other Iraqi leaders (see here Amberin Zaman’s article on Zaidan’s central role in securing the release of US journalist Shelly Kittleson), broke the stalemate that occurred after the Coordination Framework had first nominated former Prime Minister Nouri Al-Maliki, who was opposed by the Trump administration because of his past sectarian approach to Iraqi politics and presumed close ties to Iran.
This was no small feat given the political climate. Washington had largely run out of patience with Iraq after the war with Iran began on Feb. 28. Pro-Iran militias have carried out repeated attacks on US personnel and interests — including in the Kurdistan Region and across the Gulf. Iran-aligned groups in Iraq have been behind many of the strikes on Saudi Arabia during the war. Both the US Embassy in Baghdad and the US Consulate in Erbil have drawn down most of their staff because of the constant threat. The United States has also stepped up pressure on Iraq’s interim government, canceling $500 million in dollar transfers and warning it could scale back security cooperation if the militias are not reigned in.
Barrack’s handling of the Iraq file, leading to Zaidi’s nomination, has put the relationship on a more hopeful track. His approach in Iraq complements his success in Syria, where he has guided a transition that few could have imagined after former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad was forced out in December 2024, and in Lebanon, where his efforts have led to the first direct Israeli-Lebanese peace talks. Barrack has engineered crucial international and regional support for Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa, to give the country its best chance to turn the corner on Assad’s brutal regime and away from Iran.
Barrack’s engagement with Syria, Turkey, Lebanon and Iraq has a strategic coherence. All four countries are essential for Trump’s endgame of an economically integrated Middle East, governed by commerce not conflict, and aligned with the United States. A turnaround in Iraq would be a windfall for US security, commercial and energy interests in the region. Trump wants an Iraq free from terrorism and committed to US partnership, including more opportunities for American companies. Stability and prosperity in Iraq, free of malign Iranian influence, would be welcome news for Turkey, Syria and the Gulf.
The road ahead won’t be easy. There is uncertainty regarding the war with Iran, and disbanding the pro-Iran militias will be a formidable challenge for Zaidi or any Iraqi prime minister, even with US support. Iran and its proxies are unlikely to go quietly in Iraq.
Zaidi will need to chart a careful and independent course to keep Washington on his side. The appointment of credible ministers will be an early signal. The US has told Iraqi officials that no terrorist designated entities linked with Iran should be included in the next government. The United States will monitor those tapped for key ministries — especially oil, defense and finance — which will be critical for US security and economic interests.
The Coordination Framework, which will also seek to maintain its influence, has already said it will establish "advisory committees" to support the new government. Here, too, the United States should be vigilant that such committees are not used by the framework to circumvent US concerns about ministerial appointments and Iranian influence.
Despite the challenges, Zaidi should nonetheless feel encouraged and empowered. Trump himself has set the expectations for change, and the door is now open for a "tremendous new chapter" in Iraq. It is up to Zaidi and the next Iraqi government to embrace the opportunity.
Trump affirms his support for Iraq
US President Donald Trump affirmed the United States' strong support for Iraqi Prime Minister-designate Ali al-Zaidi.
Trump said at a press conference: "I spoke with Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi, who is a good man and won with our help, and I told him that the United States is with you until the end."
He added, "The United States strongly supports and endorses Ali al-Zaidi."
Regarding Iran, Trump said he was not satisfied with the latest Iranian proposal for negotiations between Tehran and Washington.
He continued: "We are currently negotiating with Iran by phone, and we have made progress in the talks."
The US president added: "I'm not sure we'll reach an agreement with Iran."
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A race against time in Baghdad: The deadline for forming the new government is approaching.
Political activity is accelerating in Baghdad as the deadline for forming the new government approaches, amid assurances from political and parliamentary forces that the cabinet may be completed within a period not exceeding ten days, coinciding with the continuation of negotiations between political blocs to distribute entitlements according to electoral balances and national agreements.
In a parallel context, members of political blocs confirmed that there was a near-agreement on deputiesprime ministerThey ruled out the possibility of this happening to the vice presidents.
Political discussions,
he said.Head of OfficeNational Relations and MemberPolitical BureauFor the Wisdom Movement, Dr. Muhammad HussamAl-Husseini“Political dialogues are still ongoing between the various forces,” he said, explaining that “a committee formed within the Coordination Framework is handling the negotiations and the distribution of ministerial portfolios.”
He added that “the committee includes prominent figures from the first and second tiers of the political forces, in addition to other committees formed by the National Space Forces,” clarifying that “the continuous meetings and discussions aim to bridge the gaps in viewpoints and reach a consensus on the cabinet.”
Al-Husseini affirmed that “current indicators point towards the completion of the government formation within a short period,” stating that “the cabinet is supposed to be presented within a period not exceeding ten days, perhaps within a week or slightly more, but it will not exceed ten days.” Regarding
the points system
, MP Dr. Ali Al-Kinani explained that “the distribution of ministries is being carried out according to electoral entitlements and the points system adopted among the political blocs,” emphasizing that “this process is based on the election results and the size of each bloc’s parliamentary representation within the House of Representatives.”
He pointed out that "all political forces are seeking to secure their entitlements within the next government," noting that "the current negotiations are focused on achieving a political balance that takes into account the weight of the blocs, in parallel with selecting individuals with competence and experience to manage the ministries."
He added that "negotiations are still ongoing to finalize the distribution of ministerial portfolios," explaining that "there is a clear trend toward prioritizing the principle of political consensus, which will contribute to expediting the formation of the government and avoiding any political deadlock that could affect the country's stability."
Al-Kinani emphasized that "the current stage requires high flexibility from all political parties, as well as adherence to the agreements reached, in order to reach a government capable of meeting citizens' aspirations and improving the level of services, away from political disputes and rivalries." For his
part
, writer and political analyst Mohammed Hassan said...Al-Saadi"Political consultations effectively began after a consensus was reached on nominating Ali al-Zidi for the premiership," he said, noting that "al-Zidi has begun a series of bilateral meetings with various political forces both within and outside the coordination framework, in addition to meetings with Sunni forces and his recent visit toKurdistan Region
Al-Saadi explained that "Al-Zaidi's visit to the region and his meeting with the head of the Kurdistan Democratic PartyMasoud BarzaniThis represents an important step in broadening political understandings and persuading the Democratic Party to return strongly to the process of forming a government.
He noted that the political atmosphere has begun to gradually improve following a national consensus on al-Zidi's nomination, as well as regional acceptance and support from other countries.Gulfand someArab countriesHe considered this a reflection of the seriousness with which the government formation process is proceeding in the coming phase.
He added that al-Zidi is continuing his meetings with various political leaders to find a suitable foundation for forming a government capable of managing the next phase, noting that there is optimism and political consensus on forming a government with a clear economic vision, especially given al-Zidi's own presentation as a figure with economic and administrative experience. In contrast, the head of the parliamentary bloc, Idrak, Abdul Hamza, emphasized
the clear challenges .
Al-KhafajiHe stated that "the process of appointing a prime minister still faces some challenges," adding that "the formation of the cabinet may be heading towards political power-sharing as some blocs seek to achieve political gains." He stressed "the necessity of a clear government program based on competence and experience, moving away from traditional methods of distributing positions."
He emphasized that "the current stage requires a clear government program and a binding timeframe for voting on the government, especially given the economic and financial challenges that demand balanced management capable of achieving stability."
Al-Khafaji pointed out that "international support, including the American position, represents a positive factor if it is utilized correctly," stressing that "the success of the next government remains contingent on the ability of political forces to reach a consensus and choose competent individuals to manage economic and service-related matters." Regarding
the Kurdistan Region's entitlements
, Wafa Muhammad, a member of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, said that "the Kurdistan Region's entitlementsKurdistanThe situation within the next government is clear,” he explained, adding that “the region holds four positions, including a sovereign post.”
He further stated that “the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) holds a majority of seats compared to the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), making it the most likely to secure three of these positions.”Ministry of Foreign Affairs"In exchange for one position for the National Union."
Mohammed noted that "National UnionHe was given the presidency, while the Democratic Party received the position of second deputy speaker of parliament,” explaining that “the distribution of positions is based on a points system and political entitlements.”
He confirmed that “al-Zaydi’s visit to the region and his meeting with MasoudBarzaniThis is of great importance, not only in terms of positions and entitlements, but also for resolving outstanding issues between Baghdad and Erbil that have remained unresolved for years.
For his part, a member said...Patriotic Union of KurdistanMahmoud Khoshnaw stated that "negotiations to form the government have not yet begun directly," explaining that "matters are still contingent on defining the parameters and mechanisms of negotiation between the political forces."
He added that "the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) fully supports the nomination of Ali al-Zaidi," emphasizing that "completing the cabinet is not solely related to Kurdish or PUK entitlements, but rather to ensuring the success of the next government and providing it with full political cover within Parliament." In a related context, Safaa al-Jabri, a member of
Parliament
from the "Sadiqun" bloc, anticipated that the President of the Republic would appoint one or more vice presidents after the government is formed.
Al-Jabri stated that "the position of Vice President of the Republic is stipulated in the Constitution, and this is what has been confirmed."Federal CourtHe predicted that "the President will choose one or more deputies after the government is formed."
He explained that "the issue of the Deputy Prime Minister has not yet been decided, whether it will be a position with or without a ministry, as the matter is still under discussion with the political forces," adding that he expects "the consultations to result in the Prime Minister having two deputies without ministries."
For his part, Saif al-Mansouri, a member of the "Reconstruction and Development" coalition, said that "there is a near-agreement among the political blocs that the Deputy Prime Ministers this time will not hold any ministerial positions."
Al-Mansouri added that "the Deputy Prime Minister will not be a minister this time, as in the previous term, but the points are counted within what the bloc obtained."
He continued, "So far, there is no agreement on the Vice Presidents," noting that "they will be present at a rate of 90 percent."
"Vice President"... Al-Halbousi seeks the position amidst competition and "depletion of points"
A source in the political coalition uniting Sunni forces revealed on Sunday that the leader of the Progress Party, Mohammed al-Halbousi, is attempting to obtain one of the positions of Vice President of the Republic or Prime Minister, amid competition from Sarmad al-Khanjar, the son of the leader of the Sovereignty Alliance, Khamis al-Khanjar.
The source told Shafaq News Agency that "Al-Halbousi had proposed assuming the position of Vice President of the Republic or the government, and he presented his demand through his representative to influential forces within the coordination framework to discuss it with the person tasked with forming the government, Ali Al-Zaidi."
He added that "the recent visits made by Speaker of Parliament Hebat al-Halbousi to some Shiite leaders touched on the possibility of activating the position of the two vice presidents of the republic, and assigning one of them to al-Halbousi, but so far these are only dialogues within political circles."
He continued: “Even if these positions are reactivated, there is a hidden conflict within the Sunni bloc over the position between Halbousi and Sarmad al-Khanjar, and the latter is striving to obtain the position, if executive powers are added to it.” He explained that “Halbousi’s assumption of one of these positions may be met with rejection by some political forces, especially since the number of parliamentary seats he won secured him the position of Speaker of Parliament, which became for his party, according to the (points) equation, and what remains of his (points) grants him a sovereign ministry, according to the existing custom.”
It is worth noting that a political source revealed to Shafaq News Agency a few days ago that the Ministry of Higher Education will be allocated to the Progress Party (which obtained the position of Speaker of Parliament) led by Mohammed al-Halbousi, which holds 27 seats as a major party, while the Azm Alliance, led by Muthanna al-Samarrai, which holds 15 seats, will receive the Ministry of Defense.
Sources indicated the day before yesterday that al-Zaydi will meet with Sunni leaders, including al-Halbousi, because the latter raised the ceiling of his party’s demands in the government cabinet, which sparked controversy behind the scenes of the political forces, especially with the Sunni ministries file entering the stage of direct negotiation.
On Monday evening, the ruling Shiite coalition forces in Iraq announced the nomination of Ali al-Zidi for the premiership, following the withdrawal of al-Sudani and al-Maliki from the race for the position. This move opened the door to a new settlement within the Shiite bloc after weeks of political deadlock regardingthe form of the next government and the distribution of its sovereign and service positions.
The budget is postponed… The continuation of salaries in the region depends on temporary mechanisms and monthly agreements.
The budget has not yet been finalized, but the mechanism for disbursing salaries to employees of the Kurdistan Region continues according to the current arrangements, which depend on sending monthly data that includes lists of salaries and revenues.
Jamal Kojar, a member of the parliamentary finance committee, announced that the federal government has until next July to send the draft budget law to parliament, stressing that “until the budget law is approved, the salaries of Kurdistan Region employees will continue to be disbursed according to the current mechanism.”
Kujer said: “The Iraqi government can send the draft budget law to parliament as late as June and July without any legal problem arising, even though it should have been sent in October of last year under the Financial Management Law.”
According to the MP, the government could send a draft similar to the “Food Security Law” to Parliament to provide financial liquidity for the implementation of projects, as salaries and necessary expenses are currently secured according to the (1/12) principle of the Financial Management Law.
Regarding the financial entitlements of the Kurdistan Region, Kojer reassured that the process of sending salaries would not stop, adding: “The process of disbursing salaries to employees and recipients in the Kurdistan Region will continue with the same current mechanism until the budget law is approved.”
Currently, the Kurdistan Regional Government is required to send payroll lists, trial balances, and non-oil revenues monthly to Baghdad in order to receive salaries.
In order to receive salaries from Baghdad, the Kurdistan Regional Government currently has to send monthly payroll lists, trial balances, and non-oil revenues.
At the same time, the Iraqi Ministry of Oil must confirm to the Ministry of Finance in an official letter that oil exports through the Kurdistan Region have stopped, and then the salary funds will be disbursed.
Will a supplementary budget be approved this year? The parliamentary finance committee clarifies.
Kujer told Al-Furat News Agency that: “What is known as the second or supplementary budget is usually sent in the second half of the year, which means there is a possibility of sending it during the second half of the current year.”
He pointed out that "this budget was supposed to be ready as a draft project from the previous government, and the prime minister-designate could choose to amend it and add his imprint according to his government program or send it as is."
Kujer also stated that "among the options being considered are resorting to spending according to the 1/12 rule or enacting a new law similar to the Emergency Food Security Support Law."
An informed source told Al-Furat News Agency that Prime Minister-designate Ali Falih al-Zaidi is likely to present his cabinet within ten days, and not exceed the constitutional deadline.
Nechirvan Barzani will visit Baghdad tomorrow.
Kurdish sources revealed that the President of the Kurdistan Region, Nechirvan Barzani, will visit Baghdad tomorrow, Monday, to meet with the Prime Minister-designate and a number of political leaders.
During the visit, Barzani will discuss the formation of the new government and resolving outstanding issues between the region and Baghdad.
Al-Danbous: Al-Zaydi's government will be formed quickly due to two pressure factors.
Al-Danbous told Al-Furat News Agency: “The cabinet will be formed quickly for two main reasons: the first is the governing constitutional deadlines, and the second is the imminent departure of more than 180 MPs to perform the Hajj pilgrimage, which may push for a vote on the cabinet before their departure.”
He added that "the challenges facing the Al-Zaidi government are enormous at the regional, international, security and economic levels," noting that "Iraq is going through an economic crisis as a result of the decline in oil exports to 10%, in addition to conditions set by the United States regarding sending dollars to Iraq, along with a clear recession in the local markets."
On the security front, Al-Danbous noted that "the repercussions of the tension between Iran and the United States have cast a shadow over Iraq, increasing the magnitude of the challenges facing the next government."
He stressed "the need for wisdom, experience, and support from political forces, along with the selection of competent advisors to support the prime minister-designate in managing these complex issues."
Al-Danbous pointed out that the coordinating framework and political forces will support the prime minister-designate and seek to make his government program a success, indicating that “Al-Zidi’s nomination for prime minister was a big surprise on the political scene and in the Iraqi street.”
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