Birth of a new banking entity in Iraq.. A government advisor reveals the details to {Euphrates News}
Saleh explained to Al Furat News Agency that "the two banks suffer from a historical legacy of challenges, which requires a comprehensive reform plan to reposition them within the map of effective and efficient banking work."
Saleh added, "The study aims to establish a new banking entity specializing in government banking operations, to meet the government's needs exclusively. This entity will contribute to achieving the goals of the unified treasury account, which is a crucial tool for regulating cash flows for public finances."
He pointed out that "the study focuses on evaluating the legal status of the two banks, including property rights, evaluating assets and liabilities, and studying the requirements of a strategic partner if necessary, with a focus on developing the two entities to operate according to advanced financial technology that meets the requirements of the national banking market."
He stressed that "the structural reform also aims to enhance the integration of the two banks into the national banking market and enable them to expand into global financial markets, especially in the areas of trade and investment financing for the private sector."
He added that "the two potential entities will rely on modern systems in compliance, governance and risk management, with a focus on digital payments."
He concluded by saying: “The study is expected to be submitted to the higher official authorities in the coming months, within the framework of implementing the government’s financial and banking reform programme, which aims to achieve a comprehensive economic renaissance and build modern financial institutions.”
Earlier today, Thursday, Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani chaired a special meeting to discuss developing the work of government banks, in the presence of representatives of Ernst & Young for auditing and financial consulting.
The Prime Minister explained that the percentage of completion of the project to restructure Rafidain Bank has reached its final stages, stressing that it will enter into force within the next few days, within the framework of a plan that has been studied and implemented according to the established standards and specifications.
Al-Sudani confirms progress in the project to restructure Rafidain and Rashid Banks
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Al-Sudani's media office stated in a statement received by {Al-Furat News}, that "the latter held a special meeting to discuss developing the work of government banks, in the presence of representatives of Ernst & Young for auditing and financial consulting."
He was briefed on the plan for the restructuring project of Rafidain and Rashid Banks, and the technical and administrative procedures related to the project, which include a comprehensive review and structural administrative reforms with the aim of providing integrated banking services to citizens and companies.
The Prime Minister explained that "the completion rate of the project to restructure Rafidain Bank has reached its final stages, stressing that it will enter into force within the next few days, within the framework of a plan that has been studied and implemented according to the established standards and specifications."
Al-Sudani added, "Government banks with their current structures are unable to open up and address problems, and for this reason they have been restructured in a way that ensures the availability of all capabilities and openness with modern international technical specifications."
Central Bank issues strict instructions to Iraqi banks (document)
The Central Bank of Iraq issued strict instructions to banks regarding the upper ceilings for prices.
According to a document issued by the bank, received by Baghdad Today, today, Thursday (January 9, 2025), it "directed licensed banks to adhere to the upper ceilings for prices previously set by it."
To all licensed private banks
Table of rates for banking operations
Greetings...
By reviewing the pricing schedules of your approved banking operations, it was noted that there is a need to regulate the upper ceilings for some prices and fees collected from you in exchange for providing banking products and services to the public, and we take the opportunity to confirm some essential issues related to protecting the public based on the decision of the Board of Directors of this bank No. (277) of 2024, as follows:
1. Banks are responsible for adopting a reasonable and motivating pricing policy to promote the use of digital payment channels and tools and support them to provide digital services and products, in a way that ensures raising levels of financial inclusion, provided that it is built in a transparent and fair manner for all parties and far from any injustice or exaggeration of public rights.
2 The bank should display the schedule of commissions, fees and charges for the services and products it provides to its customers, in a clear, concise, easy-to-understand, non-misleading manner, and advertised in a way that can be accessed without difficulty, and published at least on the bank’s official website and digital screens installed in the bank’s halls designated for waiting customers in all its branches, affiliated offices, affiliated entities and mobile banking applications.
3 The bank has no right to require the customer to create an amount to open a bank account or impose fees or charges or deduct any amounts in any way in return for a decrease in the customer’s minimum balance. The bank has the right to close the account if the account balance is (zero), provided that the customer is notified in advance for a period of no less than (60) days.
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Bank Headquarter: Rashid Street - Baghdad - Iraq
I Head Office: Al-Rasheed St. Baghdad - Iraq
Republic of Iraq
Republic Of Iraq
Central Bank of Iraq
ENTRAL BANK OF IRAQ
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The Governor of the Central Bank of Iraq acknowledges the existence of official outlets that charge unlicensed commissions
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The Governor of the Central Bank of Iraq, Ali Al-Alaq, acknowledged the existence of unlicensed commissions that are not subject to the supervision of the Central Bank at some points of sale and transfer offices, and threatened to close those outlets and convert them into exchange companies. This was Al-Alaq’s first statement after the decision to close the electronic platform and switch to working with the correspondent banking system .
Al-Alaq said in a press statement that incoming dollar transfers are subject to the decision to restrict dealing in dinars, after allowing banks to import them and limiting their smuggling operations. He added that the mechanism for granting dollars to travelers is safe and their arrival is now exclusively for the beneficiary, while he confirmed that the project to establish a national company for electronic payment has reached advanced stages .
Al-Nusairi: Explains the new mechanism for external transfers after the platform is closed
Economic and banking advisor Samir Al-Nusairi explained that closing the electronic platform on 12/31/2024, which was used by the Central Bank for prior auditing and controlling the transparency of foreign transfers and ensuring their arrival to the final beneficiary and overcoming suspicions of money laundering and terrorist financing, is not, as some believe, closing the platform is a closure of foreign transfers, but rather a change in the mechanisms to achieve fluidity and speed by reducing the links.
Al-Nusairi said in a televised interview that it is not normal for the Central Bank or the US Federal Reserve to carry out executive procedures, but rather the task of central banks is supervision and control, and the electronic platform was a stage in this direction, and now we have reached the stage that is practiced in the countries of the world according to international banking standards through the direct relationship between local banks and correspondent banks.
He added that transfers in other currencies will enable Iraqi banks that do not have correspondents in American banks to conduct their transfers through correspondent banks in other countries such as China, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, India, Europe, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. This will lead to expanding the number of Iraqi banks that participate in foreign transfers and reduce pressure on other banks.
He stressed that the exchange rate announced as the parallel rate does not reflect the price reality, firstly because Iraq does not have the parallel market situation, which is only achieved when it has sources of dollars and currencies other than the Central Bank, such as private sector exports, remittances from residents abroad, tourism, etc., so it has exchange rates that correspond to the official exchange rate at the Central Bank, and that speculation in dollars on the black market is punishable by law. Secondly, limiting the sale of cash dollars to travelers and through a strict mechanism has made cash dollar sales at a minimum level, and therefore what is in circulation is what remains with travelers. We should look at the price at which the Central Bank covers all external operations, including imports and personal transfers for the purposes of study and treatment abroad and legitimate purposes, which explains the stability of prices in light of the current inflation rate, which is about 3.1% less than the inflation rates in Arab, regional and neighboring countries. This means that the Central Bank has achieved a basic objective of monetary policy.
Al-Nusairi expressed his surprise that some people calculate the banks’ revenues from selling the dollar by measuring the difference between the market price and the official price, which is a big mistake because the banks do not transfer at the market price but at the official price monitored by the Central Bank. He explained that the foreign currency selling window is dedicated to securing the Iraqi dinar for the purposes of the Ministry of Finance’s operating budget and to enhance the banks’ balances in foreign currencies for external transfers and to cover the cash dollar for travelers and for other legitimate needs of citizens.
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Economist: Electronic financial transactions save Iraq from cash shortage
Economic researcher Diaa Abdul Karim said on Thursday that the shift towards electronic financial transactions and generalizing this to all government and private transactions will save the country from a shortage of cash.
Abdul Karim told Al-Maalouma, “Most countries in the world, and Europe in particular, have moved towards electronic financial transactions, such that the culture of dealing with electronic cards in buying and selling in various sectors has been created in society, and even With the decline of its economy, it will not suffer financially because its financial transactions are electronic.”
He added, "These transactions make it unnecessary for governments to print currency continuously, as this process is financially costly. Iraq prints some denominations domestically and other denominations of currency are printed abroad, and printing them costs the financial value of this currency."
He explained that "the move towards electronic transactions requires intensive education in order to withdraw the cash mass from the street and to transform transactions, especially large amounts, through electronic cards. Consequently, the citizen will not be forced to withdraw large amounts from banks in order to buy a property, a car, etc., but will use his card to transfer money to the other party, which ensures the safety of financial transactions and prevents the cash mass from being wasted and taken out of the banking framework.”
Iraq, Jordan forge stronger ties to boost regional stability and economic growth
Former Jordanian government spokesperson Mohannad Mubaidin affirmed, on Thursday, the ongoing collaboration between Iraq and Jordan to maintain security and stability in the region, particularly in light of last year’s rapid developments.
"King Abdullah II is committed to ensuring that Jordan’s relationship with Iraq is both impactful and geared towards achieving stability and security in the Middle East,” Mubaidin said in an exclusive statement to Shafaq News, adding that "several meetings have been held between the two sides, focusing on key areas, including bolstering security systems and combating terrorism."
High-Level Visits Cement Relations
Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani visited Jordan on Dec. 11, 2024, meeting with King Abdullah II to discuss Arab and regional strategies amid ongoing developments in the region, particularly in Syria. This visit underscored Iraq’s strong interest in its ties with Jordan.
On Dec. 15, 2024, Iraqi Parliament Speaker Mahmoud Al-Mashhadani traveled to Amman, where he met King Abdullah II, Jordanian Parliament Speaker Ahmed Safadi, and Senate President Faisal Al-Fayez. According to a statement from Al-Mashhadani’s office, his meeting with Jordanian Prime Minister Jaafar Hassan focused on strengthening bilateral cooperation across political, economic, and security domains, aiming to support stability and development in both nations.
Economic and Trade Ties Flourish
Jordanian officials have emphasized the strategic importance of their partnership with Iraq. Mubaidin reiterated, "Jordan recognizes the depth and significance of its relationship with Iraq and consistently advocates for joint efforts to ensure Iraq’s security and stability while fostering a comprehensive partnership that benefits both nations."
Economic ties between the two countries also remain robust. On Tuesday, the Jordanian Chamber of Commerce announced that Iraq ranked as Jordan’s largest importer in 2024, with total imports valued at 691 million Jordanian dinars.
The oil trade is another vital pillar of cooperation. According to statistics released by Iraq’s State Oil Marketing Organization (SOMO) on Dec. 28, 2024, Iraqi oil exports to Jordan rose by 7.45% over the first 11 months of 2024, reaching 3.56 million barrels compared to 3.31 million barrels during the same period in 2023. SOMO further reported that Jordan imported approximately 3.8 million barrels of Iraqi oil last year under a renewed agreement signed in mid-2024.
Expanded Energy Cooperation
In August 2024, Iraq and Jordan agreed to increase monthly oil exports from 10,000 barrels to 15,000 barrels, raising the annual total from 300,000 barrels to 450,000 barrels. This expansion now covers approximately 10% of Jordan’s crude oil needs, reflecting the strengthening economic ties between the two nations.
Through mutual commitments to security, economic development, and energy collaboration, Iraq and Jordan continue to set an example of regional partnership, working together to promote stability and prosperity for their citizens.
Presidential meeting to discuss preparations for 2025 parliamentary elections
Today, Wednesday, during their meeting, the three presidencies discussed the necessary preparations for holding the 2025 parliamentary elections and providing the logistical and technical requirements for the High Commission.
The Presidency of the Republic stated in a statement received by "Mil" that "the presidencies held a meeting today, Wednesday, at the Baghdad Palace, which included the President of the Republic, Abdul Latif Jamal Rashid, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mahmoud Al-Mashhadani, and the President of the Supreme Judicial Council, Judge Faeq Zidane ."
The statement added, "The attendees discussed preparations for holding the 2025 parliamentary elections and the need to provide logistical and technical requirements for the Independent High Electoral Commission ."
He pointed out that, "In the financial aspect, the issue of cash liquidity and financing ministries and governorates from the investment budget and the regional development budget were discussed, and the necessity of meeting the financial obligations of institutions and ministries was emphasized, and following the standards of control and auditing of expenditures to protect public money and limit corruption operations was emphasized ."
He explained that "the meeting discussed the delay in presenting some important draft laws prepared by the Presidency of the Republic to the sessions of the House of Representatives, and the necessity of joint work and coordination between the Presidency of the Republic and the House of Representatives was emphasized to include the delayed draft laws on the Council's session program due to their connection to the interests and work of citizens ."
The attendees stressed the "necessity of supporting the government in achieving and completing the sections of its program by improving the reality of services, improving the living conditions of citizens, supporting the Iraqi economy, and encouraging the private sector in a way that contributes to achieving comprehensive development ."
Regarding the current developments in the region, the attendees stressed the importance of "consolidating security, peace and stability in the region, and the importance of supporting international efforts and endeavors to contain crises and find solutions to problems and issues through constructive dialogue that enhances international peace and security."
House of Representatives agenda for next Sunday
The House of Representatives announced, on Thursday, the agenda for next Sunday’s session, which includes a number of important issues that will be discussed during the next session.
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First: Voting on the proposed law amending the first law of the Arab and Foreign Scientific Law No. (20) of 2020. (Higher Education and Scientific Research Committee). The course of certificates and the path
Second: Voting on the proposed law amending the first law of Passports Law No. 232 of 2015. (Security and Defense Committee)
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Third: Report and discussion (second reading) of the proposed law amending the first law of the Private Higher Education Law No. 25 of 2016. (Higher Education and Scientific Research Committee).
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Fourth: The first reading of the draft law regulating service fees in centrally owned state departments and their devolution. Services and Reconstruction Committee, (2) Articles.
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Fifth: First reading of the proposed law amending the General Retirement Law No. 9 of 2014 and its amendments. (Finance Committee), .)3) Article (d
Sixth: Report and discussion of the second reading of the proposed third amendment to the Law on Compensation for Victims Who Lost Part of Their Bodies as a Result of the Practices of the Former Regime No. 5 of 2009, as amended. Committee of Martyrs, Victims and Prisoners
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Parliament publishes agenda for next Monday's session
The House of Representatives announced, on Thursday, the agenda of its session scheduled for next Monday, which includes 10 important paragraphs that will be discussed during the session.
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First: Voting on the draft law of the National Intelligence Service (Security and Defense Committee), (26) Mecca.
On the draft law amending the second law of the Iraqi Media Network Law No. (11) of 2015. (Culture, Tourism, Antiquities and Media Committee), (1) Article).
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On the draft law amending the fourth amendment to the Industrial Investment Law for the private and mixed sectors No. (20) of 1998. Investment and Development Committee), (1) Article).
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Fourth: Voting on the proposed law for Iraqi programmers, the Labor Committee and Civil Society Organizations, the Legal Committee. -Ab-
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Fifth: Voting on the draft law on mental health (Health and Environment Committee) (2) articles.
Sixth: First reading of the proposed second amendment law, Law No. 38 of 2013 on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Special Needs (Labor Committee and Civil Society Organizations) (2) Articles).
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Seventh: The first reading of the proposed law on the genocide of the Yazidis (Human Rights Committee) (1) Article)
The first reading of the draft law on the protection of the rights of minorities was held by the Human Rights Committee, the Committee of Martyrs, Victims and Political Prisoners (19 articles).
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Ninth: Report and discussion of the second reading of the draft law amending the first law of the Federal General Budget Law of the Republic of Iraq for the fiscal years (2023 - 2024 - 2025) No. (13) of 2023 (Finance Committee).
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Tenth: Report, discussion and second reading of the proposed law on the trade union organization of workers and craft employees in Iraq (Labor Committee and Civil Society Organizations) (18 articles).
Kurdistan Region President to visit Baghdad next week
Kurdistan Region President Nechirvan Barzani is scheduled to travel to Baghdad next week, an official said.
“Barzani will participate in a meeting of the State Administration Coalition (SAC),” Dilshad Shihab, spokesperson for the Kurdistan Region Presidency, told Shafaq News Agency.
No additional details were provided regarding the visit or the agenda of the coalition meeting.
SAC was established following Muqtada Al-Sadr’s withdrawal from politics, it comprises mainly the Iran-backed Shiite Coordination Framework, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) led by Masoud Barzani, and the Sovereignty (Al-Siyada) led by Khamis al-Khanjar, along with Taqadum alliance, and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan.
The coalition outlined goals such as combating corruption, implementing reforms, rebalancing Iraq’s regional and international relations, revising the electoral commission system, and promoting consensus among Iraqi factions.
The Coalition also choose PM Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani for the premiership.
The President of the Republic receives Pavel Talabani in Baghdad and discusses salaries and the Syrian situation
During the meeting, the President of the Republic pointed out, according to a presidential statement received by {Euphrates News}, "the importance of overcoming differences and removing obstacles between the two governments to raise the level of the relationship in a way that achieves security and economic stability and preserves the interests of citizens."
The statement added that "the necessity of resolving the issue of salaries of employees in the Kurdistan Region was emphasized, and not to mix the issue of the region's financial dues with political disputes and conflicts, and the importance of coordination and cooperation between the leaders of the political forces in order to consolidate security and stability and adopt the method of constructive dialogue to resolve pending issues in accordance with the law and taking into account the implementation of the constitution and working to provide services to citizens and achieve their aspirations for a free and dignified life, and the necessity of accelerating the formation of the Kurdistan Regional Government."
The statement continued, "The meeting also discussed developments in the regional situation, especially in Syria, and the necessity of protecting the rights of all components in Syria, including the rights of the Kurdish people, and mobilizing international efforts to establish security and stability in Syria and the region."
Rashid and Al-Mandlawi confirm coordination to legislate and approve laws that have direct relevance to citizens’ lives
Today, Thursday, the President of the Republic, Abdul Latif Rashid, and the Deputy Speaker of Parliament, Mohsen Al-Mandalawi, confirmed coordination to legislate and approve laws that have a direct impact on the lives of citizens.
Al-Mandalawi's office stated in a statement received by Al-Youm Al-Akhbariya that the latter "met today, Thursday, in Baghdad, with the President of the Republic, Abdul Latif Jamal Rashid, and during the meeting, the latest developments in the political, security and economic situations on the domestic and international arenas were discussed.
" He added that "the meeting discussed ways to expand the frameworks of cooperation and coordination between the Council of Representatives and the Presidency of the Republic in order to legislate and approve laws that have a direct impact on the lives of citizens."
He continued: "The meeting also discussed the efforts made by the government at the service level and the importance of supporting the reconstruction process and rehabilitating and developing the infrastructure in a way that achieves the aspirations of the people for a safe and stable life."
Al-Sudani receives a call from the Pope
Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani received a phone call today, Thursday, from the Pope of the Vatican, His Holiness Pope Francis, who invited al-Sudani to participate in the World Leaders Summit on Children's Rights, which the Vatican is organizing next February, on the occasion of World Children's Day.
A statement from Al-Sudani's office stated that the latter referred to the close relations between Iraq and the Vatican, the common positions on rejecting conflicts and wars, and strengthening efforts to establish security in the world.
For his part, His Holiness the Pope praised Al-Sudani's efforts to calm the situation and his ongoing dialogue with the countries of the region, in order to reduce tension and end conflicts, which contributes to establishing regional stability and security.
Will Iraq be part of the new US policy hell?
Strategic affairs researcher Muhammad Al-Tamimi confirmed, today, Thursday, January 9, 2025, that there are fears that Iraq will be included in the hell that US President Donald Trump promised to the Middle East after assuming the presidency of the White House.
Al-Tamimi told Baghdad Today: “Trump’s threat of a hell in the Middle East after his term as US president is worrying, and there is fear that Iraq may be part of this hell due to the positions of some political forces and armed factions that support Iran and its arms in the region under the name of the Axis of Resistance.”
Al-Tamimi added, "Trump, at the beginning of his tenure, will deal with tightening economic and financial sanctions on Iran and anyone who deals with it, and Iraq is threatened by these sanctions because of the armed factions spread throughout the country."
He added, "The request to dissolve these factions has become a real and realistic matter, and Trump will commit to implementing his promises if Iraq does not commit to controlling the weapons of these factions."
Al-Tamimi pointed out that "Iraq and the region in general are facing major events, after Trump's threat to unleash hell on the region."
Meanwhile, US President-elect Donald Trump confirmed on Tuesday (January 7, 2025) that he looks forward to releasing Israeli prisoners in the Gaza Strip before his inauguration scheduled for this month.
"If the hostages are not released by the time I am inaugurated, all hell will break loose," he said.
On December 2, Trump issued a stern warning, saying that if the prisoners were not released before his inauguration on January 20, 2025, there would be “serious trouble in the Middle East.”
In conjunction with Trump's position today, his envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff, said that he "hopes to achieve good results regarding the hostage talks in Gaza by the time of Trump's inauguration on January 20."
Iran's motives for agreeing with Trump... regime survival or economic situation?
Although the nuclear issue was one of the reasons behind the tension in Tehran's relations with Europe, it is currently showing flexibility and cooperation.
Despite the importance of the nuclear issue for Iran due to its connection to the economic sanctions imposed on it, which are pushing the economic situation to further deteriorate, Tehran currently has no other card left but this card to continue communicating with the West and trying to find opportunities to negotiate with it, especially the new American administration led by Donald Trump.
Iran's regional presence is currently suffering from weakness due to the harsh blows that Israel has dealt to most of the parties of the so-called " Axis of Resistance ". Therefore, it is witnessing a decline and weakness in its project on the field level, and it may now be working to re-evaluate its strategic position to resume its project, but it is suffering from certain pressure that prevents it from displaying strength.
All Tehran is doing now is taking every possible step to renegotiate a new nuclear deal with US President Donald Trump. It has taken diplomatic paths and domestic measures, including holding a new round of negotiations between Iran, Germany, France and Britain in Geneva on January 14-15. The Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman said that these talks are a continuation of previous talks, that this process was agreed upon in advance, and that a round was held in December 2024.
During these talks, a range of issues are expected to be discussed, including regional issues, bilateral relations, the nuclear issue, and lifting sanctions. On the other hand, the Iranian Foreign Minister confirmed his country's readiness to hold negotiations to lift sanctions, and in return address the concerns of the conflicting parties regarding the nature of its nuclear program.
Tehran is trying to show good intentions and full cooperation with the West, although the nuclear file and its abandonment of its commitments were one of the reasons behind the tension in relations with European countries during the past months, but currently Iran is showing flexibility and cooperation.
The Financial Action Task Force is an intergovernmental organization established in 1989 at the initiative of the G7, and is headquartered in Paris. In 2019, Iran was added to the organization’s blacklist, and has not been removed yet. This issue was raised in parliament and voted on, but was objected to by the Guardian Council.
To deal with the issue of lifting sanctions and integrating Iran into the global economy, the FATF issue needs to be resolved. It is true that even if this issue is resolved, it will take at least two years to remove Iran from the blacklist, but on the one hand, Tehran wants to show goodwill and willingness to cooperate with the West, so dealing with this issue has been accelerated now. On the other hand, taking these steps will give citizens hope that there may be positive effects on the economy.
The most important point here is the government spokesman’s statement that the FATF review was reconsidered with the approval of the Leader, which means a green light to agree to Iran following the group’s instructions and working to remove it from the blacklist.
From the above, we find that Iran is preparing the atmosphere for the return of negotiations, then concluding a new agreement with Trump and then lifting the sanctions. Iran’s readiness to lift the sanctions and its push to cooperate with the Financial Action Task Force indicate that it is ready to fully cooperate with the next US administration. The question here is, why is Iran striving so hard to conclude a new nuclear agreement with Trump?
It is worth mentioning here the similarity of the current period in the region to the period in which the neoconservatives came under the administration of George W. Bush, which adopted policies aimed at changing dictatorial regimes by military force, and called the axis of evil, which includes North Korea, Iran, Afghanistan and Iraq. At that time, Iran tried to negotiate with the administration of George W. Bush to avoid any American countermeasures that would overthrow the Iranian regime. Now, Iran feels the same sense of threat after the Israeli military force that Netanyahu used to eliminate the leaders of Hamas and Hezbollah and directed several attacks on targets deep inside Iran. Then, with the arrival of Trump, Iran fears the likelihood of the scenario of overthrowing the Iranian regime and is trying to avoid it by strengthening diplomacy and negotiating for a new agreement, and then in order to highlight common interests with Washington.
That is, the fear for the survival and continuity of the Iranian regime is what pushed Tehran to avoid a military confrontation with Israel since the “Al-Aqsa Flood” in October 2023, and pushed it to abandon support for its main ally, “Hezbollah,” and before that to be lax in protecting Ismail Haniyeh, and now this goal of the regime’s survival is what is strongly pushing it to conclude a new agreement with Trump, the dealmaker.
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